Cristiano Antonino 4865 posts

Azotemia refers to the concentration of urea in the blood. Urea is a waste product of the liver resulting from protein metabolism

Echotomography of the carotid axes is an inexpensive, non-invasive and therefore easily repeatable test that allows the determination of carotid damage in the preclinical phase and with it a staging of the patient with arterial hypertension

Belonephobia is the pathological fear of needles, pins and any sharp or pointed object

Cervical arthrosis is a degenerative disease involving changes to the bones, intervertebral discs, joints and cartilage (the protective film that covers the ends of the bones) of the cervical spine, the upper part of the spinal column

Autoimmune enteropathy is a rare intestinal disorder characterized by intractable watery diarrhea. It results in weight loss and in children is often associated with immunodeficiency

The word asthma comes from ancient Greek and means difficult or laboured breathing. In fact, an asthma crisis manifests itself precisely with a sudden difficulty in breathing, accompanied by coughing and wheezing

Let's talk about dacryocystitis: the lacrimal ducts are the drainage system of tears produced by the lacrimal glands. They consist of the lacrimal dots, the lacrimal canaliculi, the lacrimal sac and the nasolacrimal duct, which conveys the…

Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme found particularly in the liver, heart, muscles, brain and kidneys

Behavioral and psychiatric disorders are the fifth most common emergency that EMS professionals respond to, accounting for almost 8% of all EMS calls

The complete dynamic electrocardiogram according to Holter is a painless and non-invasive test that allows the electrical activity of the heart to be monitored over a 24-hour period, analysing approximately 100,000 beats

The main characteristic of separation anxiety disorder is the excessive anxiety manifested by the child when he has to separate from someone in the family to whom he is deeply attached (usually the mother figure)

The term atelectasis refers to the collapse of one or more areas of the lung associated with a loss of volume. Under normal conditions, when one inhales, the lungs fill with air

Colonoscopy is a diagnostic-therapeutic procedure that allows us to observe the colon and ileum (the end part of the small intestine, ed.) from the inside, then to diagnose any pathologies affecting the intestinal tract and, if necessary,…

Entropion is a condition related to an altered position of the eyelid whereby the eyelid rim, where the eyelashes reside, is introflected (turns inward) and the eyelashes go scratching on the cornea

One of the blood tests that are often requested as the first frame of reference for a patient with joint pain and therefore suspected rheumatic disease are ANAs (Anti-Nuclear Antibodies)

Rather than an actual disease, tinnitus is a symptom of potential ear or central auditory pathology involving neurological diseases

Canker sores are small lesions of the skin, which, if they form inside the mouth (palate, cheeks, tongue) or at the base of the gums, are called oral canker sores (or aphthous stomatitis or aphthous ulcer)

Psoriatic arthritis (PA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease (characterized by pain, swelling, heat, joint stiffness, and sometimes redness) associated with the presence of skin psoriasis or familiarity with psoriasis, first described…

Beatings and sexual violence on psychiatric patients: these are nurses, social and health workers, professional educators and auxiliary workers. Carabinieri also searched their homes

Osler nodes and Janeway lesions are two rare but well-known skin manifestations of bacterial endocarditis. They have also rarely been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), gonococcaemia (gonorrhoea), haemolytic anaemia and…

Gaslighting was the most searched word on the web in 2022, but what does this term mean and how can we tell if we are in this situation?

Sinus tachycardia is the most common heart rhythm disturbance found in clinical practice

Intranasal Esketamine: treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is, unfortunately, a widespread clinical problem that is difficult to solve and which, in addition to causing suffering, reducing quality of life and potentially increasing suicide…

Most common causes of shoulder pain: shoulder movements are among the most frequent in a person's life and, therefore, it is much easier than for other joints for a series of events to occur that lead to shoulder pain

According to the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder develops following exposure to a stressful and traumatic event that the person experienced directly, or witnessed, and that involved death, or threats of death, or…

Abdominoplasty is a plastic or cosmetic surgery procedure to strengthen the muscles in case of abnormalities such as diastasis or to improve the appearance of the abdomen by removing excess skin and fat in the abdominal area

It affects around 3-5% of pregnant women and is one of the most serious complications of pregnancy: pre-eclampsia, formerly known as gestosis, is a condition that should not be underestimated

Hepatitis B, infected mothers have a very high probability of infecting the foetus during pregnancy. Infection can be prevented with vaccine and immunoglobulins immediately after birth

Colonoscopy is a diagnostic test performed to visualise the inside of the colon and rectum, which is carried out in order to investigate the causes of any abnormal intestinal symptoms complained of by the patient

Infrared videonystagmography, which studies eye movements, is a key test for assessing patients with vertigo

Primary sclerosing cholangitis: the liver has several functions that are indispensable for our health. One of these is the production of bile, a greenish, viscous liquid that is discharged into the intestine and serves for the digestion and…

Amaurosis is not a pathology, it is more properly defined as a symptom of another problem and can be caused by various causes

Shaken Baby Syndrome consists of the violent shaking of the child, with possible brain trauma and subsequent neurological complications

Chronic Pseudo-Intestinal Obstruction (CIPO) is a rare disease. It involves intestinal motor activity and is characterised by slowed intestinal transit and a reduced ability to pass food through the intestine

The ketogenic diet (DK) is a diet high in fatty acids and low in carbohydrates, with an adequate protein content

Normal blood values: the CBC is the most common blood test that involves counting the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)

Arthrosis of the feet is a chronic condition responsible for a cartilaginous degenerative process that can affect one of the joints that make up the foot

Ultrasound and mammography: breast cancer is a neoplasm of great epidemiological importance, being the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an instrumental test that allows the electrical activity of the brain to be recorded and monitored

The person with Generalised Anxiety Disorder experiences a constant state of anxiety, often concerning small things and characterised by apprehensive anticipation with pessimistic anticipation of negative or catastrophic events of all kinds…

Adenoids or also called pharyngeal tonsils are lymphoid tissue, located behind the nasopharynx, i.e., in less technical terms, at the back of the nose

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is an instrumental test that allows the doctor to look and investigate inside the digestive system to detect any pathologies affecting the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum

Reactive arthritis is an acute, non-purulent inflammation of the joints, which is caused by a localised infection affecting other parts of the body

Loss of consciousness and fainting are the sixth most common emergency to which emergency room professionals respond, accounting for almost 8% of all calls

PC exposure can cause dry eye syndrome due to blue light emission

Glycated haemoglobin is a blood test that measures average blood glucose (blood sugar levels) over the last three months

Capsule endoscopy is a diagnostic test that is mainly used for the analysis of diseases of the small intestine.

Epiluminescence, or dermoscopy, is an innovative diagnostic method that makes it possible to study - through a microscope - suspicious skin formations and check whether they are malignant at an early stage

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped sac protruding from the colon in the lower right abdomen

Panic attacks occur as an episode of severe fear, anxiety and discomfort, often accompanied by symptoms of a physical nature, such as difficulty breathing, chest tightness, chest pain, dizziness and tachycardia

In Brovary, eight kilometres from Kiev, a helicopter crashed near a kindergarten, among the dead were children and the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

An ISS survey showed that in 2018, 30,000 people suffered accidents or injuries while practising winter sports: skiing, snowboarding, skating, but also simple walks in the snow can hide pitfalls with consequent traumatic damage, especially…

Maculopathy or macular degeneration is a disease that affects the macula, the central area of the retina

An altered level of consciousness (ALOC) is the seventh most common emergency that EMS professionals respond to, accounting for almost 7% of all EMS calls

Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstruation, a condition that can occur physiologically in certain phases of a woman's life: before puberty, during pregnancy and, for a more or less long period, during breast-feeding, after menopause

Septic arthritis involves inflammation of a joint, the cause of which is to be found in colonisation by a pathogenic germ, usually a bacterium

The audiometric test is the test of choice to check the functionality of the ear and the ability to hear sounds

The urine test is a technique for diagnosing kidney dysfunctions, but also various cardiac, liver and metabolic disorders

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, i.e. decline in mental faculties: according to official estimates, it accounts for 50-80% of dementia cases and affects 600 thousand people in Italy alone

HH Sheikh Mansoor bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Opens Intersec 2023 as Global Leaders in Safety, Security, Fire Protection, Policy and Cybersecurity descend on Dubai

Fire contaminants are linked to significant physical and mental health problems among UK firefighters: UK study confirms, 4-fold increase in chance of cancer

Arthro Magnetic Resonance Imaging (arthro MRI) is a diagnostic test that allows, using a contrast medium injected intra-articularly under radiological guidance, to highlight injuries involving soft parts, tendons, muscles, skeletal…

The urological examination is a test performed by a doctor specialising in diseases of the urinary system, i.e. the urologist

The vestibular test consists of a series of tests that, by stimulating the vestibular formations (internal organs of the ear responsible for the sense of balance), allow balance disorders to be investigated

The main characteristic of social phobia is the fear of acting, in front of others, in an embarrassing or humiliating way and of receiving negative judgement

Peripheral arterial disease affects the arteries of the upper extremities and, even more frequently, those of the lower extremities

During winter, dry eyes tend to appear more frequently or worsen. Here is why and how to deal with it

In the last week in children under the age of two there is a prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus, while in the elderly who have respiratory symptoms the influenza virus prevails, which is generally declining in all age groups

To prevent obesity and counteract weight gain in predisposed people, it has been widely proven that adopting a healthy lifestyle from childhood is the best way, although this strategy is not always adopted, for many reasons

Cardiotocography is the pregnancy monitoring test used to assess the health of the unborn child

Epileptic seizures are the eighth most common emergency to which first aid professionals respond, accounting for almost 5% of all emergency calls

A month after the attacks on the Red Cross in Kherson in December that left people dead and wounded, the Russian army is distinguished by a new attack on the rescuers

What is retinoblastoma? It is a tumour of the eye, which develops from the cells of the retina. The retina is very important in vision because its nerve cells are used to perceive visual signals.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder mucosa, acute or chronic, which affects many people, particularly women

A phobia is an extreme, irrational and disproportionate fear of something that poses no real threat and with which others are confronted without particular psychological torment

Gastroscopy (or EGDS - Oesophagus-Gastro-Duodenum-Scopy) is a diagnostic procedure that allows direct observation of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum (the initial tract of the small intestine) by introducing a special endoscopic…

Arthroscopy is one of the rheumatology tests: it allows a joint to be analysed using an arthroscope, a diagnostic instrument consisting of a small tube, lenses and a light source that acts as an endoscope

Iron and sideremia: iron is an essential element for the formation of red blood cell pigment and thus for the transport of oxygen to all tissues in the body

Stress, however, is not necessarily bad: there is in fact good stress, called eustress, which enables our organism to cope with small and large emergencies, giving us unexpected strength and resistance

The colon wash procedure is indicated for performing thorough colon washing prior to colonoscopy, which cleanses the mucosa to allow optimal endoscopic viewing

The defibrillator is an instrument that can save a person in cardiac arrest. But who can use it? What does the law and the criminal code say? Obviously, the laws vary from country to country, but in principle the 'Good Samaritan rule', or…

Cervical cancer (or cervical cancer) is a neoplasm that still has a very important epidemiological and social relevance: it is the third most frequent cancer in the female population despite the fact that, for many years, extremely…

Skiing is on the podium of the most popular winter sports. Competitive and recreational skiers alike flock to the ski slopes during the winter holidays and weekends in search of the perfect downhill run, but if you are not sufficiently…

Cocaine use is an increasingly widespread phenomenon throughout the world. The apparent and temporary benefits offered by this substance, however, often lead to conditions of dependence and abuse with very serious, sometimes irreversible,…

Achille Despres, spokesman in Kiev for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on civilians in Ukraine: 'Obligation to respect humanitarian law'

Bacterial meningitis, infectivologist Roberto Ieraci talks about the pitfalls of the disease that killed Valeria Fioravanti in just a few days. And stresses the importance of vaccination

BMI (Body Mass Index) is a body density indicator useful for understanding if we have an adequate weight for our height: in short, it is a parameter that relates a person's weight to his height

The saturation oximeter (or pulse oximeter) is a device used to measure the oxygenation of the blood, to find out whether the lungs are able to take in sufficient quantities from the air they breathe

Already in the early years of life it is recommended to have an eye examination. As time goes by, this becomes even more important, as diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy may occur due to old age, other diseases…

Checking glycosuria and ketonuria can be performed directly by the patient. This is a unique test, as most of the reagent cards used to perform these tests are now able to perform both tests on the same stick

Hysteroscopy is an outpatient endoscopic test that does not require analgo-anesthesia and allows us to investigate inside the uterine cavity using an instrument called a hysteroscope

Only 2.5% of new parent couples decide to donate cord blood: the figure, which is Italian, is unfortunately true in several countries around the world

Retinal vessels can help predict heart attack risk. Artificial intelligence-based screening system tested

Meteoropathy (or Seasonal Affective Disorder) manifests itself cyclically with symptoms such as mood swings, drowsiness and fatigue that appear during seasonal changes, particularly in the autumn and winter period, and then improve as…

Pustular psoriasis is a skin disorder that can present in heterogeneous ways and is characterised by sterile pustules

White blood cells (or leucocytes) are spheroidal, nucleated elements that defend the body against infection. White blood cells do not contain haemoglobin and are in a 1:1 ratio with red blood cells

The H2-breath test is a quick and painless test useful for diagnosing the presence of Helicobacter Pylori, the bacterium responsible for many cases of gastritis

Laparoscopy is a technique that allows you to 'see' inside the abdomen, through an instrument called a laparoscope

Diabetic symptoms (hypoglycaemia) are among the 10 most common emergencies that emergency professionals respond to, accounting for 2.5% of all emergency calls

Amaxophobia, or the fear of driving, is an extremely widespread and also very disabling phobia. It manifests itself with typical symptoms of anxiety, from trembling and sweating to panic attacks