A deep genetic link between diabetes and periodontitis
New research has shown that the two diseases share a common genetic basis
A recent scientific discovery has revealed an unexpectedly strong genetic link between two apparently distinct diseases: type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. A study conducted by the University of Hong Kong and published in the prestigious journal Endocrine has identified 62 genes that increase the risk of developing both these pathologies.
An association confirmed by genetics
The correlation between diabetes and periodontitis was known long ago. Diabetic patients have a significantly higher risk of developing gum disease, and vice versa. However, until recently the mechanisms underlying this association remained largely unknown. The new research has taken a major step forward in understanding this link, showing that the two diseases share a common genetic basis. In other words, some genetic variants increase the susceptibility to both diabetes and periodontitis.
What are pleiotropic loci?
The researchers have identified so-called “pleiotropic loci”, specific points in the genome that are associated with more than one phenotypic trait. In this case, these loci affect both susceptibility to diabetes and periodontitis.
What genes are involved?
The 62 genes identified in the study are involved in a variety of biological processes, many of which are crucial to the proper functioning of the immune and metabolic systems. These include inflammation, immune response, glucose metabolism and tissue repair.
Why is this important?
The discovery of this genetic link has important implications for both research and clinical practice.
- Prevention: Knowledge of the genes involved could identify people at higher risk of developing both diseases, allowing more targeted preventive interventions
- Diagnosis: Genetic profiling may become a useful tool for the early diagnosis of both diabetes and periodontitis
- Therapy: Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this link could pave the way for new therapies to treat both diseases
Collaboration between specialists
The discovery of this genetic link underlines the importance of close collaboration between specialists from different disciplines, such as diabetologists, periodontists and geneticists. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind these diseases could lead to the development of more effective and personalised therapeutic approaches.
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