Abnormal electrical activity of the heart: ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation is characterised by disorganised and chaotic electrical activity of the heart starting in the ventricle
It is a severe form of cardiac arrest that must be treated in time because it could lead to death in a short time.
The ventricles are traversed by uncoordinated electrical impulses that constantly change.
Mechanically, the heart in ventricular fibrillation is stationary and only a small amount of blood is sent to the rest of the body.
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The main causes of ventricular fibrillation include:
Myocardial infarction, structural heart disease, congenital heart rhythm disorders, and drug treatments in addition to substance abuse.
Symptoms of ventricular fibrillation, which occur rapidly, include:
Difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, chest pain, palpitations and heart palpitation, fatigue, cyanosis and cardiac arrest.
This is a very serious condition that it is important to recognise and treat as quickly as possible.
If left untreated, it leads to death.
Diagnosis
The rapidity with which the arrhythmic disorder evolves makes it difficult to make a complete diagnosis.
It will only be possible in patients who present the arrhythmia in hospital and are monitored; when the patient loses consciousness, it will be possible to diagnose cardiac arrest but not ventricular fibrillation.
The diagnosis of the latter will be made by placing a defibrillator on the patient’s chest.
The treatment for ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation will not stop after it has occurred, so it is necessary to act quickly to prevent death.
The only possible treatment is to perform first aid manoeuvres and defibrillation; if the latter is not possible, external cardiac massage and assisted ventilation should be performed to ensure oxygenation and blood supply to the organs.
Once the patient has regained consciousness, the cause of the ventricular fibrillation will be investigated.
If the cause of ventricular fibrillation is known, patients who have survived ventricular fibrillation will undergo cardiac defibrillator implantation as a preventive measure.
Ventricular fibrillation may also occur in individuals with no known heart disease
Patients at high risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death will also undergo cardiac defibrillator implantation before the life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia episode occurs.
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