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The genetic changes caused by smoking persist over time, even after many years
Cigarette smoking, which has always been considered one of the main health risk factors, leaves an indelible mark on our body. A recent study has revealed that the genetic modifications caused by smoking, called epigenetic, persist over time, even many years after the last cigarette.
What are epigenetic modifications?
To fully understand the implications of this study, it is essential to clarify the concept of epigenetic. If our DNA can be compared to a textbook, epigenetic modifications are like post-its marking some pages, indicating which instructions should be read and which ignored. These changes do not alter the DNA sequence, but affect its expression, which is the production of proteins encoded by genes.
Smoking and epigenetics
The chemicals in cigarette smoke can trigger a series of chemical reactions in our body that alter our epigenetic profile. These changes may affect the activity of genes involved in fundamental cellular processes, such as DNA repair, cell proliferation and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
The long-term consequences
The consequences of these epigenetic alterations are manifold and manifest in the long term, increasing the risk of developing a wide range of diseases, including:
- Cancer: Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, but it also increases the risk of developing cancers in the larynx, pharynx, mouth, esophagus, pancreas, bladder and kidney
- Cardiovascular disease: Smoking damages the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases
- Respiratory diseases: In addition to lung cancer, smoking causes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and other obstructive respiratory diseases
Prevention for a better life
In the light of these findings, prevention takes on an even more central role in health promotion. Quitting smoking is a key action to protect our genetic heritage and reduce the risk of developing diseases.
The future of research
Research into epigenetics and its links with disease is a field in constant evolution. Scientific progress is opening up new prospects for the development of innovative therapies based on the correction of epigenetic alterations.
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