Escherichia coli: what it is and what the symptoms are

By Cristiano Antonino On Nov 5, 2022

Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli, is a microorganism belonging to the enterobacteria that is commonly found in the intestines of people and animals

There are many different types of E. coli and while some live in the intestine quite harmlessly, others can cause a variety of diseases, including serious ones.

The most frequent E. coli-related ailments occur in the intestines, but the bacterium can also cause urinary tract infections.

How is E. coli transmitted?

E. coli can be transmitted to humans via:

contaminated water and food, especially fruit and vegetables (often eaten raw, unpasteurised milk, inadequately cooked meat);
hands not washed properly after contact with an infected animal or animal excrement;
hands not washed properly after contact with an infected person.
What are the typical symptoms of an Escherichia coli infection?

In general, symptoms occur 3-4 days after infection and depend on the site affected.

Gastrointestinal Escherichia coli infections are characterised by:

diarrhoea
nausea
vomiting
stomach cramps
occasionally fever.

Escherichia coli urinary tract infections are manifested by

frequent need to urinate
pain and burning sensation during urination
pelvic pain
fever.

Are certain people more at risk from E. coli?

All age groups are at risk, but in children and the elderly, intestinal infections can be particularly severe as these groups are more likely to develop complications such as haemolytic uremic syndrome.

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