Generalised anxiety: symptoms and treatment
The person with Generalised Anxiety Disorder experiences a constant state of anxiety, often concerning small things and characterised by apprehensive anticipation with pessimistic anticipation of negative or catastrophic events of all kinds in nature
In addition to this excessive and uncontrollable preoccupation with any circumstance, generalised anxiety also manifests itself with somatic symptoms, such as sweating, flushing, heart palpitations, extrasystoles, nausea, diarrhoea, dry mouth, lump in the throat, etc.
Sometimes musculoskeletal disorders are complained of, such as tension (especially in the neck and neck), tics, tremors, fatigability.
The muscular tension typical of generalised anxiety disorder may also express itself with diffuse algic manifestations or headaches
Individuals with this disorder are often irritable, irritable, unable to relax and even to maintain concentration; they are described as often restless, distracted and impatient.
They frequently suffer from insomnia and brood about impending misfortunes, for themselves and others.
Children with Generalised Anxiety Disorder tend to worry too much about their own performance and, in the course of the disorder, the focus of concern may shift from one object to another.
The disorder – which tends to be chronic and long-lasting – can easily be accompanied by depression and lead to abuse of alcohol, caffeine, stimulants and other substances.
In order to diagnose Generalised Anxiety Disorder, the essential feature of the picture – the presence of excessive worries concerning most of the subject’s common activities – must occupy most of the time. The person is unable to control such apprehensive anticipation.
Generalised anxiety also requires at least three of the following symptoms for the diagnosis:
- Restlessness or feeling ‘on edge’
- Fatigability
- Irritability
- Difficulty concentrating or memory lapses
- Muscle tension
- Restless, unsatisfactory sleep or difficulty falling asleep.
Cognitive-behavioural psychotherapies deal with generalised anxiety in different ways
The various situations in which anxiety occurs can be dealt with separately using behavioural and cognitive restructuring techniques.
Some use relaxation techniques to interrupt the self-feeding process of anxiety and lower the general state of tension.
Finally, interventions aimed at enhancing assertive skills can be chosen.
Among the most popular pharmacological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder are certainly those based on anxiolytics.
Benzodiazepines are, in fact, the most widely used drugs; however, buspirone is certainly a more recent compound of equal effectiveness.
Antidepressants with good anxiolytic action also include Sertraline and Paroxetine.
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