Ketamina: from scalpels to raves, a journey between science and abuse
The substance, which is abused for recreational purposes, could be a new hope against some mental disorders
Ketamine, a synthetic substance discovered in the 1960s, has a complex and fascinating profile. Originally developed as an anaesthetic, It has quickly gained popularity in youth circles for its powerful dissociative effects. But what are the mechanisms that make this substance so fascinating and dangerous at the same time?
From anesthesia to disco drugs
Ketamine acts on the central nervous system, blocking NMDA receptors involved in the transmission of the neurotransmitter glutamate signal. This mechanism produces a dissociation between mind and body, characterized by visual and auditory hallucinations, perceptual distortions and a feeling of detachment from reality.
Effects and risks of abuse
Recreational use of ketamine poses many health risks, both in the short and long term. In addition to acute effects such as hallucinations, nausea and increased heart rate, prolonged use can lead to:
- Neurological damage: Ketamine can damage nerve cells, resulting in memory problems, learning difficulties and mood changes
- Mental problems: Chronic use is associated with an increased risk of developing mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and psychosis
- Addiction: Ketamine can be addictive, both physically and psychologically, making it difficult to stop using it
- Physical risks: Excessive use can cause damage to the kidneys, liver and heart.
Ketamine in medicine: a new hope?
Paradoxically, the very substance that is abused for recreational purposes could represent a new hope for the treatment of some mental disorders. Recent studies have shown that ketamine can have rapid and lasting antidepressant effects in patients resistant to traditional therapies. The mechanisms by which ketamine exerts its antidepressant effects are not yet fully understood, but it is thought to be related to its ability to stimulate the formation of new synaptic connections in the brain.
The future of ketamine
The future of ketamine is complex and challenging. On the one hand, there is the therapeutic potential of this substance, which could revolutionise the treatment of some mental disorders. On the other hand, there is the problem of abuse, which requires effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. It is therefore crucial to promote research on this substance in a way that will lead to greater understanding and awareness of its effects and the risks associated with prolonged use.