Smog and ALS: a dangerous link
Particles in smog can penetrate the brain and damage neurons
A recent study under the Mnesys project has revealed an increasingly close link between air pollution and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This discovery sheds new light on the mechanisms leading to the degeneration of motor neurons, the nerve cells responsible for controlling muscle movements.
How smog attacks the brain
Researchers at the Federico II University in Naples have found that ultrafine particles in smog, such as PM0.1 and nanoparticles, can penetrate the brain and directly damage neurons. These particles interact with proteins essential for the functioning of nerve cells, triggering a series of reactions that lead to their degeneration.
“Imagine the smog particles as small projectiles that bomb the brain,” explains Agnese Secondo, professor of Pharmacology at the University Federico II. ” These particles are small enough to cross the blood-brain barrier, which normally protects the brain from harmful substances. Once inside, they damage neurons and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS.”
A complex mechanism
The mechanism by which smog damages neurons is complex and involves several factors. Ultrafine particles can:
- Produce free radicals: These highly reactive molecules damage cells and DNA, accelerating the process of cellular aging
- Triggering inflammatory processes: Chronic inflammation is another risk factor for ALS. Smog particles can stimulate the immune system, causing inflammation that damages neurons
- Altering the function of mitochondria: Mitochondria are the cellular organelles that produce energy. Smog particles can damage mitochondria, compromising energy production and leading to cell death
Public health implications
The discovery of the link between smog and ALS has important public health implications. Reducing air pollution is crucial to prevent the development of this and other neurodegenerative diseases.
“Our findings highlight the importance of taking effective measures to improve the quality of the air we breathe,” says Tullio Florio, Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Genoa and coordinator of the Spoke 6 project in Mnesys. “Investing in sustainable environmental policies is an investment in our health”.
The future prospects
The discovery of the molecular mechanism linking smog to ALS opens new prospects for the development of innovative therapies. Researchers are working to identify new therapeutic targets and develop drugs that can protect neurons from the harmful effects of pollution.
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