The brain and the immune system: an unexpected dialogue
The immune system can sometimes attack brain cells. This can damage neurons and their connections
Studies conducted under the Mnesys project are revolutionising our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. These disorders, once considered exclusively related to the degeneration of nerve cells, are increasingly being influenced by inflammatory processes mediated by the immune system.
How does this interaction work?
The immune system, which is normally used to defend us against infections, can sometimes react excessively, even attacking the cells of our own body. In the case of the brain, this inflammatory reaction can damage neurons and their connections, contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Multiple sclerosis: two responsible proteins
In this regard, researchers from the University of Verona have identified two proteins as responsible for the development of multiple sclerosis: osteopontin and parvalbumin. The former triggers inflammation by signalling a decline in the number and function of neurons and their connections, thus anticipating the development of the disease. The second was associated with future brain damage, providing a valuable indicator for monitoring disease progression.
The clinical implications
These new discoveries open up promising scenarios for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases:
- Early diagnosis: By identifying inflammatory markers early, it will be possible to intervene earlier, when the disease is still in its initial stage and the possibilities of treatment are greater
- New therapies: By modulating the immune response, new drugs could be developed that reduce inflammation and protect nerve cells
- Personalization of care: By better understanding the interactions between the brain and immune system, it will be possible to customize therapies based on the individual characteristics of each patient
Future challenges and prospects
Despite these advances, there is still a long way to go. Further research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms regulating the interaction between the brain and the immune system. It will also be crucial to translate this knowledge into new effective and safe therapies.
The Mnesys project: a new future for understanding the brain
The Mnesys project is a major step towards this goal, bringing together a large group of researchers working in synergy to unravel the mysteries of the brain. Thanks to this project, we will one day have more accurate diagnostic tools and more effective therapies for dealing with neurodegenerative diseases.