The newborn’s microbiota: a gift from the mother
The 3 key factors for the formation of the intestinal microbiota, fundamental to our well-being
The intestinal microbiota, or all microorganisms that live in our intestines, plays a fundamental role for our well-being. It is a complex ecosystem that is transmitted to us largely by the mother during pregnancy and childbirth.
A precious legacy
The microbiota is a valuable legacy that performs several functions within our body. The endocrinologist Serena Missori explains that the microbiota is like a conductor who directs the whole symphony of our body, affecting the metabolism, the immune system and even our mood.
The factors shaping our microbiota
How is this “army” of bacteria formed? There are three key factors:
- The life of the mother: Everything that the expectant mother does or does not do during pregnancy affects the microbiota that will pass to the baby. Healthy eating, physical activity, avoiding smoking and drinking are habits that promote a healthy development of the microbiota of the child
- Childbirth: The way we are born is crucial. A natural birth allows the baby to come into contact with the “good” bacteria in the mother’s vagina, while the cesarean section exposes the newborn to different bacteria that could alter its microbiota
- Early life: Breastfeeding, feeding and antibiotic use in the first years of life are other factors that shape a child’s microbiota.
Why is the microbiota so important?
A healthy microbiota is essential for our well-being. Here are some of its benefits:
- Immune system: The microbiota helps us to defend ourselves against infections, by educating our immune system to distinguish good bacteria from bad ones
- Metabolism: Influences the way our body absorbs and uses nutrients, and can play an important role in preventing obesity and diabetes
- Mental health: A growing number of studies suggest a link between the gut microbiota and mental health, with implications for disorders such as anxiety and depression
What can we do?
To promote the development of a healthy microbiota in our children, we can:
- Encouraging a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy: A healthy lifestyle promotes the development of the baby’s microbiota.
- Breastfeeding: breast milk is the best food for babies
- Restrict the use of antibiotics: only when strictly necessary