Two new risk factors for Alzheimer’s: sight and cholesterol
The Lancet 2024 report: untreated vision loss and high cholesterol are new risk factors
The two new modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease appear to be untreated vision loss and high cholesterol. These are the results of a recent study published in the prestigious medical journal The Lancet.
An increasingly clear picture
Alzheimer’s disease, a syndrome characterised by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, is one of the biggest public health challenges worldwide. In recent years, scientific research has made significant progress in identifying the risk factors associated with this disease.
The 2024 report of The Lancet has expanded the list of modifiable risk factors, from 12 to 14. In addition to the already known, such as hypertension, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle, there is now untreated loss of vision and high cholesterol.
The loss of vision
The association between loss of vision and risk of dementia has been confirmed by several studies. In particular, cataracts and diabetic retinopathy appear to increase the risk of developing the disease. The mechanisms behind this association are not yet completely clear, but it is assumed that both factors related to the disease itself (such as diabetes) may be involved, both the impact of visual loss on quality of life and mental health.
Cholesterol
The link between high cholesterol and dementia has been extensively studied. Excess cholesterol in the brain is associated with an increased risk of stroke and deposition of amyloid plaques and tau, two of the typical pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s.
Preventing to protect
The identification of new modifiable risk factors offers new opportunities for preventing dementia. Early intervention on these factors, through lifestyle changes and medical treatments, can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease.
What can we do?
- Check your vision: Regular eye checks are essential to diagnose and treat any visual problems
- Manage cholesterol: Follow a balanced diet, exercise and, If necessary, taking the medications prescribed by your doctor can help keep cholesterol levels under control
- Adopt a healthy lifestyle: Quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, Regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight are habits that can reduce the risk of many diseases, including dementia
- Promoting mental health: Maintaining an active social life, cultivating hobbies and interests, and seeking help in case of psychological difficulties are equally important for brain health