Vitamin D: benefits beyond bones
Its ability to influence a wide range of biological functions makes it a real “pleiotropic hormone”
Vitamin D, often associated with bone health and childhood rickets, is a multifaceted nutrient that has profound impacts on many aspects of our health. In recent years, scientific research has shown that this vitamin plays an increasingly central role in many biological processes, far beyond the regulation of calcium.
A pleiotropic hormone
Vitamin D, technically a prohormone, is synthesized by the skin in response to exposure to sun’s UVB rays. Subsequently, it undergoes a series of changes at the liver and kidney level to become the active form, calcitriol. This molecule, acting as a hormone, interacts with receptors in almost all tissues of the body, modulating the expression of numerous genes. Its ability to influence a wide range of biological functions makes it a true “pleiotropic hormone”.
Beyond the bones: new roles emerging
- Muscle system: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in muscle health, affecting strength, function and muscle composition. Vitamin D deficiencies have been associated with muscle weakness, sarcopenia and increased risk of falls, especially in the elderly
- Cardiovascular system: Recent studies suggest a link between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular health. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with an increased risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke
- Immune system: Vitamin D modulates the immune response, influencing both the innate and adaptive response. Vitamin D deficiencies have been associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections, including the common cold and flu. Vitamin D may also play a role in the prevention and treatment of certain autoimmune diseases
- Metabolism: Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Vitamin D deficiencies have been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity
- Mental health: Although research is still ongoing, some studies suggest a possible link between vitamin D levels and mental health, with vitamin D deficiencies associated with an increased risk of depression and mood disorders
The international conference: a focus on new roles
The recent international conference on vitamin D brought together experts from all over the world to discuss the latest developments in vitamin D research. Participants explored the role of this vitamin in the extraskelettic field, By analysing the molecular mechanisms involved and the clinical implications.