Weight Loss Drugs: Serious side effects
Serious side effects raise safety questions for new weight-loss drugs
In recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1), such as semaglutide and liraglutide (marketed respectively as Wegovy and Ozempic), have revolutionized the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, Despite the many benefits, cases of serious side effects have emerged, raising questions about the safety and labelling of these drugs.
Mechanisms of action and potential side effects
GLP-1 are incretinian hormones that stimulate insulin secretion, reduce gluconeogenesis and slow gastric emptying. These mechanisms of action explain the efficacy of GLP-1 in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. However, slowing down the emptying of the stomach can predispose to gastrointestinal complications including constipation, nausea, vomiting and in more severe cases, intestinal obstruction.
Scientific evidence
Clinical studies have also shown that GLP-1 is generally well tolerated, but they have also shown an increased risk of pancreatitis and allergic reactions. Although data on intestinal obstruction is still limited, several reported cases suggest that this adverse event, though rare, is possible.
The case of Juanita Gantt
The case of Juanita Gantt, who suffered intestinal obstruction and cardiac arrest after taking these drugs, is an emblematic example of the potential risks associated with GLP-1. Although it is important to note that the causal relationship between medication and Gantt’s complications has not been definitively established, his case has attracted media and regulatory attention.
Safety and labelling considerations
The Gantt case raises questions about the clarity of information provided to patients and health care workers on the potential risks associated with GLP-1. Drug labels show known side effects, but some risks may not have been fully understood at the time of approval. It is crucial that regulatory agencies continue to monitor the safety of these drugs and that pharmaceutical companies update their labels based on new evidence.
Promising but not without risk
GLP-1 is a promising class of drugs for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. However, it is crucial to recognise that these drugs are not without risks and that the benefits must be carefully weighed against the potential harm. Health professionals should be aware of possible side effects and discuss the risks and benefits openly with their patients. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal complications associated with GLP-1 and to develop prevention and management strategies.