What are anti-transglutaminase antibodies (TTG IgG) and why is it tested for their presence in the blood?

By Cristiano Antonino On Jul 25, 2022

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies are part of the autoantibodies associated with coeliac disease

Why are tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies important for coeliac disease?

Usually the IgA isotype is predominant, but IgG isotypes can also be produced, particularly if the individual is IgA deficient.

Coeliac disease is the result of an immune-mediated inflammatory process following the ingestion of wheat, rye or barley proteins, which occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and primarily affects the mucosa of the small intestine, leading to villous atrophy.

The most common clinical manifestations of coeliac disease include gastrointestinal abdominal pain, malabsorption, diarrhoea and constipation.

Other manifestations of the disease may be growth failure, iron deficiency, recurrent foetal loss, osteoporosis, chronic fatigue, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, dental enamel hypoplasia, dermatitis herpetiformis, and neuropsychiatric manifestations including ataxia and peripheral neuropathy.

The anti-transglutaminase antibody test is requested by the specialist when there is a suspicion of coeliac disease and to monitor compliance with the gluten-free diet in coeliac patients

The test has no diagnostic value.

A high level of anti-transglutaminase antibodies indicates probable coeliac disease and the need to investigate further by biopsy of the small intestine.

How is the test for anti-transglutaminase antibodies carried out?

The test is performed by taking blood from the arm.

The examination does not involve any preparation.

Please note that the results of the laboratory tests must be framed by the doctor, taking into account any medications taken, phytotherapeutic products and medical history.