World Multiple Sclerosis Day
Understanding Multiple Sclerosis: Understanding the Disease
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease in which the immune system attacks nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. MS affects the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers, resulting in a variety of different effects in terms of neurological symptoms. Among the most common outcomes are vision problems, significant muscle weakness, balance and coordination disorders, and fatigue. Typically, the initial symptoms come and go. The disease typically manifests between the ages of 20 and 40, with a prevalence three times higher in women than in men.
Causes and Risk Factors
Much remains unknown about the cause of multiple sclerosis, but it appears to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Known risk factors include: genetic predisposition, viruses, infections, smoking, and obesity, especially if acquired at a young age. In particular, the Epstein-Barr virus has been strongly associated with the onset of the disease. Vitamin D deficiency, related to reduced sunlight exposure, also seems to play a significant role.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary widely depending on the site of inflammation in the central nervous system. The most frequent symptoms include worsening vision, lack of strength, and muscle spasticity.
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis can be complex and requires a combination of clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. A diagnostic process is essential to exclude other possible diseases that may have similar symptoms.
Treatment and Disease Research
To date, there is no definitive cure for the disease, but in recent years, numerous effective treatments have been developed that can slow its progression and reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are at the center of treatment. These therapies include immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive agents. Physical therapy, psychological support, and cognitive rehabilitation are equally crucial for improving the quality of life of patients.
A future of research with numerous ongoing studies may lead to a greater understanding of multiple sclerosis and new therapies. This year’s edition of the FISM grant has allocated 5 million euros for research, reaffirming the importance of an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to the disease.
World Multiple Sclerosis Day
World Multiple Sclerosis Day, scheduled for May 30, is a vital event for raising awareness and motivating the public. This year’s campaign under the banner of #MSConnections emphasizes the importance of connections between patients, communities, and healthcare providers to address the daily challenges of the disease and improve the quality of life of people affected by multiple sclerosis.
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