Adenomatosis: Understanding a Complex Condition
An Intricate World of Adenomatous Polyps
Adenomatosis occurs when numerous adenomatous polyps form within the body. Adenomatous polyps are benign glandular tumors. They can arise in various organs, but are most common in the colon. These polyps vary greatly in shape and size and, although benign in the early stages, can become neoplastic cells if left untreated. For instance, FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) occurs when more than a hundred adenomatous polyps line the colon and rectum, significantly increasing the risk of colon cancer by age 40.
Causes and Symptoms of Adenomatosis
The causes and connections of adenomatosis are generally related to induced genetic mutations that accumulate over time. These mutations can be hereditary or acquired; additionally, most adenomatous polyps show no signs or symptoms in the early stages, making regular screenings essential. Eventually, symptoms may include rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and severe intestinal obstruction.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis of adenomatosis is made through colonoscopy. Colonoscopy can not only visualize the polyps but can also remove them and analyze them through histological procedures. Optional procedures include screening for occult blood and genetic testing, which is specifically recommended for immediate relatives of FAP patients. The treatment primarily consists of endoscopic removal of the polyps during the colonoscopy itself.
In cases where the number of polyps is greater and neoplasia is evident, surgical intervention is necessary. Since patients with FAP are at high risk of carcinoma, total colectomy by age 12 is advised.
Importance of Prevention and Monitoring
Screening and prevention are crucial for managing adenomatosis. High-risk patients should begin colonoscopy at age 12 if there is a family history of FAP. Similarly, the resting of crucial tests aims to identify the polyps as early as possible. A diet rich in fiber and low in saturated fats, avoiding sugar, and an active lifestyle are excellent ways to prevent the pathology.
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