Colonoscopy: what it is and how it is performed
What is Colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is an essential medical procedure for exploring the inside of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. Using a colonoscope, a long flexible tube equipped with a camera at the end, the doctor can identify and sometimes remove polyps or abnormal tissues, as well as diagnose conditions such as colorectal cancer.
Preparation for Colonoscopy
Proper preparation is crucial to ensure the success of colonoscopy. This includes following a special low-fiber diet for a few days before the exam, transitioning to a clear liquid diet the day before, and using a laxative to completely empty the bowel. It is also important to adjust the intake of certain medications and arrange for someone to accompany you home after the procedure, due to the effects of anesthesia.
During and After the Procedure
During colonoscopy, the patient is sedated to minimize any discomfort. The colonoscope is inserted through the rectum and slowly advanced through the entire colon. The doctor may inflate the intestine with air to improve visibility. If necessary, tissue samples (biopsies) or polyps may be taken. The procedure takes about 30-60 minutes, but preparation and recovery take longer. After the exam, patients can expect to feel bloated or have gas for a few hours and may notice a small amount of blood with the first bowel movement.
Results and Recovery
Colonoscopy results can vary. A negative outcome means no abnormalities were found, and a follow-up may be recommended years later. However, if polyps or abnormal tissues are removed, more frequent monitoring may be necessary. Most patients can resume their normal diet immediately after the exam, but it may be advised to avoid driving or making important decisions until the effects of anesthesia wear off completely. If tissue samples are taken during the procedure, biopsy results will be available later.
Sources