Ovarian Dysgerminoma: Understanding and Coping with the Tumor
An in-depth look at ovarian dysgerminoma, from causes to treatments
What is Ovarian Dysgerminoma?
Ovarian dysgerminoma is a type of tumor of the germ cells. It develops in the ovaries from sex cells, also known as germ cells. This tumor is a common malignant germ cell tumor in the ovary but accounts for less than 1% of ovarian tumors. It mainly affects young women and adolescents. It is very unusual to find it in women over 30 years old. Dysgerminoma is recognized by a clearly separated solid mass, which may appear lobulated or round.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Ovarian Dysgerminoma
The effects of dysgerminoma can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Common signs include abdominal pain, feeling full, loss of appetite, and irregular menstruation. Additionally, the tumor can affect hormone production, leading to symptoms of early pregnancy or signs of rapid maturation in uncommon situations. Doctors use methods such as transvaginal ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI to identify the issue. Blood tests look for known tumor markers such as AFP, LDH, and HCG. A definitive diagnosis comes only after the tumor or ovary has been removed and studied.
Treatment of Ovarian Dysgerminoma
Dysgerminoma, in most cases, responds well to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy, leading to favorable outcomes for patients. The prognosis for this type of tumor is generally positive, with a high likelihood of cure. For uncomplicated dysgerminomas, the usual treatment involves surgery, often with the addition of chemotherapy to destroy any remaining tumor cells. The surgical procedure can vary. It can be as simple as removing part of the ovary or as extensive as removing the entire ovary or uterus. This depends on the location and stage of the tumor. More severe tumors may require more aggressive treatments.
Prognosis and Follow-up
For individuals affected by ovarian dysgerminoma, the prognosis is often good, especially if the tumor is detected early. Cancer stages range from I, where the tumor is only in the ovaries, to IV, where it has spread to other parts of the body. Most tumors respond well to treatment, and many patients live long after treatment. It is very important to monitor the situation to see if the tumor recurs, especially in the early years after treatment. This is done with imaging tests and blood tests
Sources