Rheumatoid arthritis: what it is and how it manifests itself
Understanding the Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, swelling, and, in some cases, loss of function. Contrary to what one might think, rheumatoid arthritis is not just a joint disease; it can also have systemic effects that impact other organs of the body such as the heart, lungs, and eyes. Rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age but is more common in middle age and predominantly affects women compared to men.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of this disease include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, which are often more pronounced in the morning or after periods of inactivity. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect both small and large joints and typically involves both sides of the body symmetrically. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. The diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, which may include the detection of rheumatoid factors or anti-CCP antibodies, as well as imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI to assess the extent of joint damage.
Treatment and Management
Treatment for this disease aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, prevent or slow joint damage, and improve functionality and quality of life. Treatment options include a combination of medications, including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, DMARDs, and biologic drugs. In addition to pharmacological therapy, it is important for patients with rheumatoid arthritis to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical exercise, and stress management techniques.
Complications and Health Considerations
People with rheumatoid arthritis may experience a range of complications. These include osteoporosis, rheumatoid nodules, dryness of the eyes and mouth, infections, cardiovascular and pulmonary issues. It is important for patients with rheumatoid arthritis to regularly follow their treatment plan and communicate with their doctor to effectively manage the disease and its complications.
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